PRE – INTERMEDIATE

Relative Clauses: Who, Which, That, Where Who “Who” is used to provide additional information about a person. Which “Which” is used to provide additional information about objects. That “That” can also be used in place of “which” to provide additional information. Where “Where” is used to provide additional information about locations.

Future Tense: Will and Going to Will Will is used to describe: Examples: I will make a cake for you. He will probably pass his exams. I will call you when I arrive. Be Going To Be going to is used to describe: Examples: I am going to swim. They are going to marry next

Conditional Sentences Type 1 and 2 Zero Conditional The zero conditional is used to express general truths and facts. It is formed using “if” and the present tense in both clauses. Example: If you heat water to 100°C, it boils. (When water is heated to 100°C, it always boils.) If you pour oil on water,

Must and Have to for Obligation In English, we use must for formal or written rules of obligation. Examples: Notice that the usage of “must” is the same for all subjects (he, she, you, etc.). For less formal situations, we use have to for obligations. Sometimes, the “to” is dropped after the verb “have”. Examples:

Conditional Clauses In English, conditional clauses express future actions: If you study a lot, you will pass your exams. If I have time, I will help you later. If you leave now, you will not be late. What will you do if you don’t pass the University exam? Unless you study, you won’t pass. Unless

Past Tense and Time Expressions When using the Past Tense, it’s common to include a time expression to specify when the action took place. Time expressions used with Past Tense: Examples: There were 20 students in the class last year. There weren’t 20 students in the class last year. Were there 20 students in the

Commonly Confused Adverbs in English Here are some commonly confused adverbs in English: Much is used with uncountable nouns: I haven’t got much time. That computer doesn’t cost much. Many is used with countable nouns: Many teachers like giving homework. A lot of is used in normal expressions: She has a lot of confidence. Little

Future Tense with “Will” and “Shall” The shortest way to express future actions in English is by using “will”. “Will” is often used to express thoughts and predictions based on your beliefs. Phrases used with “will”: I hope she will be a good runner. I am sure it will not be easy for us. I

Past Tense and Perfect Tense: Differences and Examples Past Tense vs. Perfect Tense: Past Tense and Perfect Tense have been explained in previous writings. It’s recommended to read those writings for a better understanding. Let’s begin by explaining the differences between the two tenses with examples: 1. Past Tense Past: She finished her homework 10

Pronouns and Possessive Adjectives We use pronouns (me, you, her, him, us, them) when it is certain which person or thing we are talking about. Let’s first review the subject pronouns: Now, let’s work on object pronouns: Examples: Possessive Adjectives: Examples: Possessive Pronouns: Examples: