PRE – INTERMEDIATE

Must and Have to for Obligation In English, we use must for formal or written rules of obligation. Examples: Notice that the usage of “must” is the same for all subjects (he, she, you, etc.). For less formal situations, we use have to for obligations. Sometimes, the “to” is dropped after the verb “have”. Examples: […]

Conditional Clauses In English, conditional clauses express future actions: If you study a lot, you will pass your exams. If I have time, I will help you later. If you leave now, you will not be late. What will you do if you don’t pass the University exam? Unless you study, you won’t pass. Unless

Past Tense and Time Expressions When using the Past Tense, it’s common to include a time expression to specify when the action took place. Time expressions used with Past Tense: Examples: There were 20 students in the class last year. There weren’t 20 students in the class last year. Were there 20 students in the

Commonly Confused Adverbs in English Here are some commonly confused adverbs in English: Much is used with uncountable nouns: I haven’t got much time. That computer doesn’t cost much. Many is used with countable nouns: Many teachers like giving homework. A lot of is used in normal expressions: She has a lot of confidence. Little

Future Tense with “Will” and “Shall” The shortest way to express future actions in English is by using “will”. “Will” is often used to express thoughts and predictions based on your beliefs. Phrases used with “will”: I hope she will be a good runner. I am sure it will not be easy for us. I

Past Tense and Perfect Tense: Differences and Examples Past Tense vs. Perfect Tense: Past Tense and Perfect Tense have been explained in previous writings. It’s recommended to read those writings for a better understanding. Let’s begin by explaining the differences between the two tenses with examples: 1. Past Tense Past: She finished her homework 10

Pronouns and Possessive Adjectives We use pronouns (me, you, her, him, us, them) when it is certain which person or thing we are talking about. Let’s first review the subject pronouns: Now, let’s work on object pronouns: Examples: Possessive Adjectives: Examples: Possessive Pronouns: Examples:

Pronouns and determiners: one, ones, ones, the ones, one of, other, the others, another In English, we use “one,” “the one,” and “ones” not to repeat the noun that has been mentioned before. one Why don’t you use my pen?– No, I have got one. A: I would like to have an orange juice, please.B:

Usage of “So and Therefore” and “To and In Order To” So: When we want to indicate the result of something, we use “so,” and it’s generally used in the middle of the sentence. Therefore: “Therefore” has the same meaning as “so,” but it’s more commonly used in written language and comes at the beginning

Adverbs of Manner Adverbs of manner describe how actions are done: For example: Football in the USA is growing quickly. We form adverbs by adding –ly to adjectives: When asking “How?” about an action, we get the adverb of manner: For example: How does she run? – She runs slowly. Some adverbs don’t take –ly.